A TIMELINE OF PILOTED SPACEFLIGHT
Program Launch Date Crew Notable events
===========================================================================================================
Vostok 1 Apr 12, 1961 Gagarin First human in space, orbital flight
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Mercury 3 May 5, 1961 Shepard First American in space; suborbital flight
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Mercury 4 Jul 21, 1961 Grissom Capsule sank
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Vostok 2 Aug 6, 1961 Titov First human in space for over 24 hours
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Mercury 6 Feb 20, 1962 Glenn First American in earth orbit
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Mercury 7 May 24, 1962 Carpenter First meal eaten in space; missed landing site by 250 miles
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Vostok 3 Aug 11, 1962 Nikolayev First joint mission (Vostok 4)
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Vostok 4 Aug 12, 1962 Popovich Came within 4 miles of Vostok 3
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Mercury 8 Oct 3, 1962 Schirra First splashdown in Pacific Ocean
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Mercury 9 May 15, 1963 Cooper First U.S. flight to exceed 24 hours
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Vostok 5 Jun 14, 1963 Bykovsky Second joint mission (Vostok 6)
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Vostok 6 Jun 16, 1963 Tereshkova First woman in space
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Voskhod 1 Oct 12, 1964 Komarov First 3-person mission
Feoktistov
Yegorov
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Voskhod 2 Mar 18, 1965 Belyayev First extravehicular activity by Leonov (20 minutes)
Leonov
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Gemini 3 Mar 23, 1965 Grissom First U.S. 2-person crew; first manual maneuvering
Young
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Gemini IV Jun 3, 1965 McDivitt First U.S. EVA by White (22 minutes)
White
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Gemini V Aug 21, 1965 Cooper 8-day flight
Conrad
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Gemini VII Dec 4, 1965 Borman 14-day flight; rendezvous with Gemini VI
Lovell
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Gemini VI Dec 15, 1965 Schirra Came within 12 inches of Gemini VII
Stafford
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Gemini VIII Mar 16, 1966 Armstrong First docking (with Agena target vehicle)
Scott
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Gemini IX-A Jun 3, 1966 Stafford 2-hour space walk; most accurate splashdown
Cernan
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Gemini X Jul 18, 1966 Young First dual rendezvous (with Agena 10, then Agena 8)
Collins
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Gemini XI Sep 12, 1966 Conrad Highest altitude of 850 miles; first tethered flight
Gordon
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Gemini XII Nov 11, 1966 Lovell 5-hour EVA by Aldrin
Aldrin
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Apollo 1 Jan 27, 1967 Grissom Crew dies in fire while in pre-flight test
White
Chaffee
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Soyuz 1 Apr 23, 1967 Komarov Cosmonaut dies during reentry
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Apollo 7 Oct 11, 1968 Schirra First live TV broadcast from space
Eisele
Cunningham
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Soyuz 3 Oct 26, 1968 Bergovoy Maneuvered near unpiloted Soyuz 2
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Apollo 8 Dec 21, 1968 Borman First humans to orbit the Moon; new speed record of 24,200mph
Lovell
Anders
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Soyuz 4 Jan 14, 1969 Shatalov Docked with Soyuz 5; received 2 cosmonauts
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Soyuz 5 Jan 15, 1969 Volynov Transferred 2 cosmonauts to Soyuz 4
Yeliseyev
Khrunov
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Apollo 9 Mar 3, 1969 McDivitt First flight test of lunar module in earth orbit
Scott
Schweickart
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Apollo 10 May 18, 1969 Stafford Test lunar module in lunar orbit 8.9 miles from lunar surface
Young
Cernan
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Apollo 11 July 16, 1969 Armstrong First human landing on the Moon
Collins
Aldrin
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Soyuz 6 Oct 11, 1969 Shonin Joint mission with Soyuz 7 and 8 without docking
Kubasov
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Soyuz 7 Oct 12, 1969 Filipchenko
Gorbatko
Volkov
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Soyuz 8 Oct 13, 1969 Shatalov
Yeliseyev
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Apollo 12 Nov 14, 1969 Conrad Retrieval of pieces of Surveyor 3
Gordon
Bean
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Apollo 13 Apr 11, 1969 Lovell Deep space abort due to explosion in service module
Swigert
Haise
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Soyuz 9 Jun 1, 1969 Nikolayev Endurance record of 18 days in space
Sevastyanov
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Apollo 14 Jan 31, 1970 Shepard Third lunar landing
Roosa
Mitchell
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Soyuz 10 Apr 22, 1971 Shatalov Docked with Salyut space station
Yeliseyev
Rukavishnikov
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Soyuz 11 Jun 6, 1971 Dobrovolsky Crew spent 22 days aboard Salyut; crew died on reentry
Volkov
Patsayev
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Apollo 15 Jul 26, 1971 Scott First use of lunar rover
Worden
Irwin
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Apollo 16 Apr 16, 1972 Young Highest elevation for a lunar landing at 25,688 feet
Mattingly
Duke
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Apollo 17 Dec 7, 1972 Cernan Final Apollo lunar mission; nearly 75 hours on lunar surface
Evans
Schmitt
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Skylab 2 May 25, 1973 Conrad Docked with Skylab space station for 28 days
Kerwin
Weitz
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Skylab 3 Jul 28, 1973 Bean Docked for over 59 days
Garriott
Lousma
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Soyuz 12 Sep 27, 1973 Lazarev Test of new Soyuz spacecraft
Makarov
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Skylab 4 Nov 16, 1973 Carr Last Skylab mission; U.S. space record of 84 days
Gibson
Pogue
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Soyuz 13 Dec 18, 1973 Klimuk Various experiments
Lebedev
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Soyuz 14 Jul 3, 1974 Popovich Docked with Salyut 3
Artyukhim
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Soyuz 15 Aug 26, 1974 Sarafanov Rendezvoused with Salyut 3; did not dock
Demin
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Soyuz 16 Dec 2, 1974 Filipchenko Testing for Apollo-Soyuz project
Rukavishnikov
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Soyuz 17 Jan 10, 1975 Gubarev Docked with Salyut 4; boarded
Grechko
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Soyuz 18 May 24, 1975 Klimuk Docked with Salyut 4; boarded
Sevastyanov
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Soyuz 19 Jul 15, 1975 Leonov Apollo-Soyuz Project; first U.S.-U.S.S.R. joint
Kubasov mission
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Apollo 18 Jul 15, 1975 Stafford
Slayton
Brand
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Soyuz 21 Jul 6, 1976 Voynov Docked with Salyut 5; boarded
Zholobov
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Soyuz 22 Sep 15, 1976 Bykovsky Conducted earth resources study
Aksenov
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Soyuz 23 Oct 14, 1976 Zudov Unsuccessful docking with Salyut 5
Rozhdestvensky
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Soyuz 24 Feb 7, 1977 Gorbatko Docked with Salyut 5; boarded
Glazkov
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Soyuz 25 Oct 9, 1977 Kovalenok Unsuccessful docking with Salyut 6
Ryumin
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Soyuz 26 Dec 10, 1977 Romanenko Crew spent 96 days aboard Salyut 6;
Grechko returned in Soyuz 27
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Soyuz 27 Jan 10, 1978 Dzhanibekov Crew returned in Soyuz 26 after 6 days on Salyut 6
Makarov
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Soyuz 28 Mar 2, 1978 Gubarev Docked with Salyut 6; first space traveler not
Remek from U.S or U.S.S.R.
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Soyuz 29 Jun 15, 1978 Kovalenok Crew spent 139 days aboard Salyut 6;
Ivanchenko returned in Soyuz 31
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Soyuz 30 Jun 27, 1978 Klimuk Docked with Salyut 6; stayed 7 days
Hermaszewski
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Soyuz 31 Aug 26, 1978 Bykovsky Crew spent 8 days on Salyut 6;
Jaehn returned in Soyuz 29
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Soyuz 32 Feb 25, 1979 Lyakhov Crew spent 175 days on Salyut 6;
Ryumin returned in Soyuz 34
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Soyuz 33 Apr 10, 1979 Rukavishnikov Unsuccessful docking with Salyut 6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ivanov
Soyuz 35 Apr 9, 1980 Popov Crew spent 185 days on Salyut 6;
Ryumin returned on Soyuz 37
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ivanov
Soyuz 36 May 26, 1980 Kubasov Docked with Salyut 6; returned on Soyuz 35
Farkas
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ivanov
Soyuz T-2 Jun 5, 1980 Malyeshev First piloted test of new Soyuz T
Aksenov
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ivanov
Soyuz 37 Jul 23, 1980 Gorbatko Crew included first Vietnamese cosmonaut
Pham
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ivanov
Soyuz 38 Sep 18, 1980 Romanenko First black cosmonaut from Cuba
Tamayo-Mendez
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ivanov
Soyuz T-3 Nov 27, 1980 Kizim First Soviet crew of 3 since 1971
Makarov
Strekalov
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ivanov
Soyuz T-4 Mar 12, 1981 Kovalenok Docked with and boarded Salyut 6 for seven
Savinykh day stay
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ivanov
Soyuz 39 Mar 22, 1981 Dzhanibekov Crew included first Mongolian crew member in space
Gurragcha
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ivanov
Columbia Apr 12, 1981 Young First orbital test flight of U.S. Space Shuttle
(STS-1) Crippen
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Soyuz 40 May 14, 1981 Popov Seven day visit to Salyut 6; last flight
Prunariu of Soyuz
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Columbia Nov 12, 1981 Engle Payload included OSTA 1; crew tested remote
(STS-2) Truly manipulator arm
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Columbia Mar 22, 1982 Lousma First use of alternate shuttle landing site
(STS-3) Fullerton
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Soyuz T-5 May 13, 1982 Berezovoy Crew remained on Salyut 7 for 211 days;
Lebedev returned in Soyuz T-7
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Soyuz T-6 Jun 24, 1982 Dzhanibekov Mission to Salyut 7
Ivanchenkov
Chretien
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Columbia Jun 27, 1982 Mattingly Carried U.S. Department of Defense payload
(STS-4) Hartsfield
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Soyuz T-7 Aug 19, 1982 Popov Savitskaya became second Soviet woman in space
Serebrov
Savitskaya
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Columbia(STS-5) Nov 11, 1982 Brand Launched commercial satellites(SBS 3 and Anik C-3)
Overmyer
Allen
Lenoir
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Challenger Apr 4, 1983 Weitz Launched first Tracking and Data Relay
(STS-6) Bobko Satellite (TDRS-1)
Peterson
Musgrave
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Soyuz T-8 Apr 20, 1983 Titov Unsuccessful docking with Salyut 7
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Challenger Jun 18, 1983 Crippen First flight of a U.S. woman astronaut, Ride;
(STS-7) Hauck deployed two communications satellites
Fabian
Ride
Thagard
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Soyuz T-9 Jun 28, 1983 Lyakhov Mission to Salyut 7; crew spent 149 days in space
Aleksandrov
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Challenger Aug 30, 1983 Truly First flight of African-American astronaut, Bluford
(STS-8) Brandenstein
Bluford
Gardner
Thornton
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Columbia Nov 28, 1983 Young First spacelab mission; first non-U.S. crewmember
(STS-9) Shaw on a U.S. mission (Merbold)
Garriot
Parker
Lichtenberg
Merbold
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Challenger Feb 3, 1984 Brand First in-space operation of Manned
(STS-41B) Gibson Maneuvering Unit (MMU)
McCandless
McNair
Stewart
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Soyuz T-10 Feb 8, 1984 Kizim Crew spent record-setting 237 days
Solovev in space
Atkov
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Soyuz T-11 Apr 3, 1984 Malyshev First flight of cosmonaut from India
Strekalov
Sharma
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Challenger Apr 6, 1984 Crippen Crew launched Long Duration Exposure facility
(STS-41C) Scobee and repaired Solar Maximum Mission Satellite
Hart
van Hoften
Nelson
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Soyuz T-12 Jul 17, 1984 Dazhanibekov Savitskaya became first woman to perform EVA
Savitskaya
Volk
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Discovery Aug 30, 1984 Hartsfield Space shuttle Discovery's first voyage
Coats
Mullane
Hawley
Resnick
Walker
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Challenger Oct 5, 1984 Crippen First flight of two U.S. women, Sullivan and
(STS-41G) McBride Ride; first Canadian astronaut (Garneau)
Leestma
Ride
Sullivan
Garneau
Scully-Power
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Discovery Nov 8, 1984 Hauck Crew retrieved and returned Westar 6 and
(STS-51A) Walker Palapa B2 to Earth
Allen
Fisher
Gardner
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Discovery Jan 24, 1985 Mattingly Mission for U.S. Department of Defense; first
(STS-51C) Shriver Asian-American astronaut (Onizuka)
Buchli
Onizuka
Payton
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Discovery Apr 12, 1985 Bobko Carried two communications satellites; first
(STS-51D) Williams flight of U.S. elected official, Senator Garn
Seddon
Griggs
Hoffman
Walker
Garn
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Challenger Apr 29, 1985 Overmyer Spacelab-3 mission
(STS-51B) Gregory
Lind
Thagard
Thornton
van de Berg
Wang
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Soyuz T-13 Jun 5, 1985 Dzhanibekov Repair mission to Salyut 7
Savinkyh
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Discovery Jun 17, 1985 Brandenstein Carried three communications satellites
(STS-51G) Creighton
Fabian
Lucid
Nagel
Al-Saud
Baudry
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Challenger Jul 29, 1985 Fullerton Spacelab-2 mission
(STS-51F) Bridges
England
Henize
Musgrave
Acton
Bartoe
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Discovery Aug 27, 1985 Engle Crew launched three satellites and repaired the
(STS-51I) Covey disabled Syncom IV - 3
Fisher
Lounge
van Hoften
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Soyuz T-14 Sep 17, 1985 Vasyutin Boarded Salyut 7; mission cut short due to illness
Grechko
Volkov
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Atlantis Oct 3, 1985 Bobko First flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis; mission
(STS-51J) Grabe for U.S. Department of Defense
Hilmers
Stewart
Pailes
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Challenger Oct 30, 1985 Hartsfield Carried the German spacelab D-1
(STS-61A) Nagel
Bluford
Buchli
Dunbar
Furrer
Messerschmid
Ockels
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Atlantis Nov 26, 1985 Shaw Three communications satellites launched; first
(STS-61B) O'Connor flight of Mexican astronaut
Cleave
Ross
Spring
Neri-Vela
Walker
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Columbia Jan 12, 1986 Gibson One communications satellite launched; first
(STS-61C) Bolden Hispanic-American astronaut (Chang-Diaz); first
Chang-Diaz flight of member of House of Representatives
Hawley (B. Nelson)
G. Nelson
Cenker
B. Nelson
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Challenger Jan 28, 1986 Scobee Shuttle exploded 73 seconds into flight; all seven
(STS-51L) Smith crew members died; crew included first teacher in space
McNair
Onizuka
Resnik
Jarvis
McAuliffe
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Soyuz T-15 Mar 13, 1986 Kizim First occupation of Mir space station; crew transfer
Solovyov to Salyut 7
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Soyuz TM-2 Feb 5, 1987 Romanenko Romanenko set space endurance record of 326 days aboard Mir
Laveykin
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Soyuz TM-3 Jul 22, 1987 Vitorenko Mission to Mir; first flight of Syrian cosmonaut
Aleksandrov
Faris
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Soyuz TM-4 Dec 21, 1987 Titov Mission to Mir
Manarov
Levchenko
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Soyuz TM-5 Jun 7, 1988 Savinykh Mission to Mir; crew returned in Soyuz TM-3
Solovyev
Aleksandrov
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Discovery Sep 29, 1988 Hauck First U.S. shuttle flight since Challenger accident;
(STS-26) Covey launch of TDRS-3
Hilmers
Lounge
Nelson
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Energiia-Buran Nov 15, 1988 unpiloted First and only flight (to date) of Soviet Space shuttle
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Soyuz TM-7 Nov 26, 1988 Volkov Titov and Manarov remained on Mir for record-setting
Krikalev 366 days
Chretien
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Atlantis Dec 2, 1988 Gibson Mission for U.S. Department of Defense
(STS-27) Gardner
Mullane
Ross
Shepherd
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Discovery Mar 13, 1989 Coats Launch of TDRS-4
(STS-29) Blaha
Bagian
Buchli
Springer
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Atlantis May 4, 1989 Walker Launched Venus Orbiter Magellan
(STS-30) Grabe
Cleave
Lee
Thagard
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Columbia Aug 8, 1989 Shaw Mission for U.S. Department of Defense
(STS-28) Richards
Adamson
Brown
Leestma
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Soyuz TM-8 Sep 5, 1989 Viktorenko Five month mission to Mir
Serebrov
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Atlantis Oct 18, 1989 Williams Launched Galileo probe to Jupiter
(STS-34) McCulley
Baker
Chang-Diaz
Lucid
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Discovery Nov 22, 1989 Gregory Mission for U.S. Department of Defense
(STS-33) Blaha
Carter
Musgrave
Thornton
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Columbia Jan 9, 1990 Brandenstein Crew retrieved Long-Duration Exposure Facility;
(STS-32) Wetherbee Syncom IV-5 launched
Dunbar
Ivins
Low
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Soyuz TM-9 Feb 11, 1990 Solovyov Mission aboard Mir for nearly 179 days
Balandin
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Atlantis Feb 28, 1990 Creighton Mission for U.S. Department of Defense
(STS-36) Casper
Hilmers
Mullane
Thuot
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Discovery Apr 24, 1990 Shriver Hubble Space Telescope (HST) launched
(STS-31) Bolden
Hawley
McCandless
Sullivan
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Soyuz TM-10 Aug 1, 1990 Manakov 130 day mission aboard Mir
Strekalov
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Discovery Oct 6, 1990 Richards Launch of Ulysses spacecraft
(STS-41) Cabana
Akers
Melnick
Shepherd
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Atlantis Nov 15, 1990 Covey Mission for U.S. Department of Defense
(STS-38) Culbertson
Gemar
Meade
Springer
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Columbia Dec 2, 1990 Brand ASTRO-1 spacelab mission
(STS-35) Gardner
Hoffman
Lounge
Parker
Durrance
Parise
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Soyuz TM-11 Dec 2, 1990 Afanasyev 175 day mission aboard Mir
Manarov
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Atlantis Apr 5, 1991 Nagel Launch of Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO)
(STS-37) Cameron
Apt
Godwin
Ross
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Discovery Apr 28, 1991 Coats Mission for U.S. Department of Defense
(STS-39) Hammond
Bluford
Harbaugh
Hieb
McMonagle
Veach
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Soyuz TM-12 May 18, 1991 Artsebarsky Mission to Mir; first flight of cosmonaut
Krikalev from United Kingdom
Sharman
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Columbia Jun 5, 1991 O'Connor Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1) mission
(STS-40) Gutierrez
Bagian
Jernigan
Seddon
Gaffney
Hughes-Fulford
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Atlantis Aug 2, 1991 Blaha Launched TDRS-5
(STS-43) Baker
Adamson
Low
Lucid
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Discovery Sep 12, 1991 Creighton Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite launched
(STS-48) Reightler
Brown
Buchli
Gemar
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Soyuz TM-13 Oct 2, 1991 Volkov Mission to Mir
Aubakirov
Viehboeck
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Atlantis Nov 24, 1991 Gregory Defense Support Program satellite launched
(STS-44) Henricks
Musgrave
Runco
Voss
Hennen
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Discovery Jan 22, 1992 Grabe International Microgravity Laboratory -1 (IML-1)
(STS-42) Oswald Spacelab launched
Thagard
Hilmers
Readdy
Bondar
Merbold
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Soyuz TM-14 Mar 17, 1992 Vitorenko First piloted mission for the former Soviet Union
Kaleri
Flade
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Atlantis Mar 24, 1992 Bolden Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science
(STS-45) Duffy (ATLAS) Spacelab mission
Sullivan
Foale
Leestma
Frimout
Lichtenberg
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Endeavour May 7, 1992 Brandenstein First flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour; retrieved
(STS-49) Chilton Intelsat VI
Akers
Hieb
Melnick
Thornton
Thuot
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Columbia Jun 25, 1992 Richards U.S. Microgravity Laboratory- 1 Spacelab mission
(STS-50) Bowersox
Dunbar
Baker
Meade
DeLucas
Trinh
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Soyuz TM-15 Jul 27, 1992 Solovyov Mission to Mir
Avdeyev
Tognini
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Atlantis Jul 31, 1992 Shriver Launched EURECA for European Space Agency; tested
(STS-46) Allen Tethered Satellite System
Hoffman
Chang-Diaz
Ivins
Nicollier
Malerba
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Endeavour Sep 12, 1992 Gibson Jemison first African-American woman in space;
(STS-47) Brown Japanese Spacelab-J mission
Lee
Apt
Davis
Jemison
Mohri
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Columbia Oct 22, 1992 Wetherbee Launch of Lageos II; first flight of U.S. Microgravity
(STS-52) Baker Payload (USMP)
Jernigan
Shepherd
Veach
MacLean
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Discovery Dec 2, 1992 Walker Launch of U.S. Department of Defense satellite
(STS-53) Cabana
Bluford
Clifford
Voss
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Endeavour Jan 13, 1993 Casper Launch of sixth TDRS satellite; failed to reach correct orbit
(STS-54) McMonagle
Harbaugh
Helms
Runco
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Soyuz TM-16 Jan 24, 1993 Manakov Mission to Mir; test U.S. Shuttle docking unit
Poleshchuk
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Discovery Apr 8, 1993 Cameron Second ATLAS Spacelab mission; launch of Spartan probe
(STS-56) Oswald
Cockrell
Foale
Ochoa
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Columbia Apr 26, 1993 Nagel Spacelab D2 mission for microgravity research
(STS-55) Henricks
Ross
Harris
Precourt
Schlegel
Walter
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Endeavour Jun 21, 1993 Grabe Launched and retrieved European satellite EURECA; first flight
(STS-57) Duffy of Spacelab module
Low
Sherlock
Voss
Wisoff
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Soyuz TM-17 Jul 1, 1993 Tsibiliyev Mission to Mir
Serebrov
Haignere
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Discovery Sep 12, 1993 Culbertson Launched and retrieved European satellite ORFEUS-SPAS
(STS-51) Readdy
Bursch
Newman
Walz
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Columbia Oct 18, 1993 Blaha First two-week Shuttle mission; second Spacelab Life Science
(STS-58) Searfoss (SLS-2) mission
Seddon
Lucid
McArthur
Wolf
Fettman
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Endeavour Dec 2, 1993 Covey Crew serviced and repaired Hubble Space Telescope
(STS-61) Bowersox
Musgrave
Akers
Hoffman
Nicollier
Thornton
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